The diabetes and heart disease connection: A practitioner’s perspective

By Rachael Sood, NP-C
Nov. 21, 2024 • 5 min read

Table of contents

The content in this article should not be taken as medical advice. Please consult with your healthcare provider regarding your individual health needs.

I think back to my days as a bedside nurse, helping patients recover from open-heart surgery in the CCU. Many of these patients had similar health issues—high blood pressure, high cholesterol, struggles with weight, and uncontrolled diabetes. They often ended up with kidney disease, vision problems, poor circulation, and wounds that wouldn’t heal. Why does this story sound so familiar? It’s because heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States.

In fact, people with heart disease are twice as likely to have type 2 diabetes. Like type 2 diabetes, heart disease develops slowly, with subtle signs that can take years to show up in blood tests or diagnostic imaging. But thanks to advances in modern science, we now have the tools to put heart disease prevention strategies in place.

So, what’s the connection between type 2 diabetes and heart disease?

The diabetes-heart disease link

The cardiovascular system consists of three key parts: the heart (a mechanical pump), a network of blood vessels (the “piping”), and an electrical system that triggers the pump. This system is influenced by the brain, nervous system, kidneys, and lungs. To function properly, it needs healthy blood flow and stable glucose levels. When glucose levels are too high or too low, the body redirects blood flow, which can result in organ damage over time. Simply put, the heart wants what it wants—healthy blood flow.

Understanding metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. These include high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. The first step in reducing your risk is being aware that these factors exist. Let’s explore each.

1. Elevated blood pressure

Blood pressure above 130/80 mm/Hg is considered Stage 1 Hypertension. High glucose levels can cause blood vessels to constrict or narrow. Over time, this pressure can damage the vessel walls, leading to microvascular damage.

2. High blood sugar

Fasting glucose levels between 100–125 mg/dL are an early indication of insulin resistance or prediabetes.

3. Excess abdominal weight

A waist circumference greater than 35 inches in women or 40 inches in men is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

4. Elevated triglycerides

Triglycerides are fats in your blood that your body uses for energy. However, when levels are too high, often due to excess calories from sugary or fatty foods, they can lead to clogged arteries.

5. Low HDL (good cholesterol)

Not all cholesterol is bad. Aim for HDL levels above 40 in women and above 50 in men.

If you have three or more of these conditions, you may have metabolic syndrome, which can increase your risk for both type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Nearly 85% of people with type 2 diabetes also have metabolic syndrome. Identifying and addressing these risk factors early can make a big difference in your long-term health.

Tips for a heart-healthy lifestyle

Make physical activity a priority

Regular movement can have anti-inflammatory effects on your body. Physical activity helps regulate your blood sugar by using glucose for energy. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. Don’t underestimate the power of daily activities like housework, gardening, or walking. Find something you enjoy—dancing counts too!

Monitor your glucose levels

Track your glucose levels with a glucose biosensor, like Stelo. This can give you 24/7 feedback on how different foods and physical activity affect your glucose.

Meal planning

Healthy eating isn’t one-size-fits-all. A good meal plan doesn’t just cut out refined sugars—it includes a variety of whole foods. Incorporate plant-based carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, high-fiber foods, proteins, and healthy fats. When you eat balanced meals, your digestion slows down, helping you feel fuller longer and keeping your blood sugar steady.

Mindfulness and stress management

Stress management is just as important as physical health. Elevated levels of stress increase hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can raise glucose levels. Taking time to relax can lower blood pressure, improve sleep, and regulate your glucose. Even simple actions, like putting your phone down for an hour or taking up a simple hobby, can make all the difference.

Man and woman shopping at farmers market

Take the proactive path

Stable glucose at optimal levels can significantly improve heart health and reduce cardiovascular risk by ensuring healthy blood flow and vascular health. Regular screening for metabolic risk factors and making lifestyle changes—like managing weight, staying active, and meal planning—can help you stay on top of your health. The earlier you identify risks and take action, the better chances you’ll have for improving outcomes. So, keep an open dialogue with your healthcare team, and put a proactive plan in place.

The production of this article was sponsored by Stelo by Dexcom.